Synonym |
Angiotensin II |
Species |
Human |
Protein Accession |
P01019 |
Purity |
Greater than 98% |
Endotoxin Level |
Less than 1 EU/μg |
Biological Activity |
Stimulates the release of aldosterone and vasopressin |
Expression System |
Escherichia coli |
Fusion Tag |
None |
Predicted Molecular Mass |
1046 Da |
Formulation |
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA |
Reconstitution |
Reconstitute in water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml |
Storage & Stability |
Store at -20°C. Aliquot and store at -20°C for long-term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw
cycles. |
FAQ
What is Angiotensin Acetate and what are its primary applications in medical treatment?
Angiotensin
Acetate is a synthetic derivative of angiotensin, a peptide hormone that plays a critical role in
regulating blood pressure. Its primary function in the human body is to induce vasoconstriction, which
increases blood pressure, a mechanism vital for maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In clinical
settings, Angiotensin Acetate is used primarily as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the responsiveness of
the renin-angiotensin system, particularly in cases of unexplained hypotension or to assess adrenal
gland function. Patients with suspected dysfunction in this endocrine pathway may be administered
Angiotensin Acetate to stimulate a physiological response that can be measured and assessed, thereby
aiding in the diagnosis of conditions such as Addison's disease or other forms of adrenal insufficiency.
Moreover, it can be used in research settings to understand better the pathophysiology of hypertension
and other cardiovascular diseases. By modulating the vascular tone, Angiotensin Acetate helps to
elucidate the complex interactions within the cardiovascular system and offers insights into potential
therapeutic targets for drug development. Additionally, Angiotensin Acetate's role extends to certain
acute care scenarios, such as managing patients in shock or severe hypotension when other first-line
treatments are ineffective. In such cases, it serves as a vital intervention to stabilize a patient's
condition while underlying causes are being addressed. This utility makes Angiotensin Acetate an
invaluable tool in the arsenal of therapies available for managing blood pressure anomalies, allowing
healthcare providers to implement precise and effective treatment regimens tailored to patient-specific
needs. However, its usage is typically reserved for situations where standard interventions do not
suffice, given the precise control needed to administer this potent agent safely.
How does
Angiotensin Acetate contribute to the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular diseases?
Angiotensin Acetate provides significant insights into cardiovascular disease management through its
role in vasoconstriction and blood pressure modulation, which are pivotal in understanding the pathology
of hypertension and related conditions. By studying its effects, researchers and healthcare
professionals can gain a deeper understanding of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system—a hormonal
system that balances blood volume and systemic vascular resistance, both critical factors controlling
blood pressure. Angiotensin Acetate helps elucidate this system's components' roles, aiding the
development of new hypertension treatments and preventative strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
Beyond research, clinically, it serves as a precise diagnostic agent, enabling practitioners to identify
abnormalities in the renin-angiotensin system. This understanding can direct the treatment of specific
cardiovascular conditions such as heart failure, where managing blood pressure is crucial. Since the
disease often accompanies a dysregulation in the renin-angiotensin system, Angiotensin Acetate becomes a
useful diagnostic tool to pinpoint the exact nature of this dysregulation. Furthermore, Angiotensin
Acetate's ability to mimic the action of endogenous angiotensin allows for a critical analysis of blood
pressure response in different individuals, highlighting those who might be at increased risk of
developing cardiovascular problems. For instance, a heightened sensitivity to this peptide might
indicate a predisposed tendency toward hypertension, prompting early intervention strategies. It also
serves as a comparison model for developing new pharmacological agents, targeting similar pathways but
with nuanced actions, possibly increasing efficacy and reducing adverse effects. Overall, through both
its direct therapeutic applications and its utility in research and diagnostics, Angiotensin Acetate
plays a crucial role in advancing knowledge and treatment practices in cardiovascular medicine, paving
the way for more individualized, effective interventions.
What are the potential side effects or
risks associated with the use of Angiotensin Acetate, and how can they be managed?
While Angiotensin
Acetate is a valuable tool in medical diagnostics and research, its utilization is not without potential
side effects or risks, largely stemming from its potent action on blood pressure modulation. The primary
concern is its capacity to cause excessive vasoconstriction, leading to marked increases in blood
pressure that might precipitate adverse cardiovascular events such as hypertensive crisis, especially in
susceptible individuals. In clinical practice, it is vital to monitor a patient's blood pressure closely
during administration to mitigate these risks, adjusting the dosage based on real-time feedback to avoid
overcorrection of hypotension. Close supervision by healthcare professionals equipped to address
potential hypertensive emergencies is mandatory, with protocols in place, such as administering
antihypertensive agents swiftly if excessive blood pressure increases occur. Additionally, some patients
may experience transient headaches, dizziness, or palpitations, symptoms indicative of a rapid increase
in blood pressure. Another consideration is the varying individual response to Angiotensin Acetate,
influenced by genetic, metabolic, or environmental factors. Personalized assessment prior to
administration can help determine the anticipated sensitivity based on these factors, potentially
involving baseline assessments of the renin-angiotensin system's activity or other relevant
cardiovascular markers. In some cases, patients might exhibit an allergic response, which, although
rare, necessitates immediate intervention, typically managed with antihistamines or corticosteroids,
depending on severity. The use of Angiotensin Acetate is contraindicated in patients with known
hypersensitivity to the compound, and its use is usually avoided in pregnant or nursing mothers due to
the lack of comprehensive safety data. For researchers and clinicians, informed consent highlighting
potential risks and symptoms to report is essential in ensuring patient safety and minimizing legal
risks. Though potentially powerful, Angiotensin Acetate's administration is generally carefully
controlled within a clinical setting, equipped to handle any adverse events swiftly and effectively,
promoting safe utilisation in practice.
How does Angiotensin Acetate compare to other agents used
for blood pressure modulation?
Angiotensin Acetate stands out as a unique agent for blood pressure
modulation due to its specific action mimicking the natural peptide hormone angiotensin, responsible for
immediate vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. In contrast to other blood pressure modulating
agents like beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin Acetate is not
designed for long-term management of hypertensive conditions but rather for acute intervention and
diagnostic purposes. Unlike beta-blockers, which reduce blood pressure by lowering heart rate and
myocardial contractility, or ACE inhibitors, which act to lower blood pressure by preventing the
conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, Angiotensin Acetate acts directly to increase blood
pressure by facilitating vasoconstriction. This makes it more suitable for use in acute situations, such
as severe hypotension or specific diagnostic scenarios, where an immediate increase in blood pressure is
desired. While long-term therapeutic agents aim to balance blood pressure and provide cardiovascular
protection over time, Angiotensin Acetate's role is more restricted to controlled clinical settings,
offering precise, measurable effects that are particularly useful for diagnostic evaluations or
temporary management rather than ongoing treatment. Furthermore, its action is more predictable and
measurable, serving as a basis for studying the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system's function, which
is not feasible with most chronic treatment agents. However, this specificity also means that its use is
generally conflated with higher risks if not carefully managed due to its potency and rapid effect
onset. Clinicians typically opt for Angiotensin Acetate when standard treatment protocols yield
insufficient information or control, thereby contributing to a thorough understanding of individual
pathophysiological conditions. While not typically a competitive choice against mainstream
antihypertensive agents for chronic use, in its diagnostic and acute treatment niche, Angiotensin
Acetate remains an indispensable tool for healthcare providers seeking detailed insights into blood
pressure dynamics and endocrine system health.
Why is Angiotensin Acetate considered a
significant tool in pharmaceutical research and development?
Angiotensin Acetate plays a significant
role in pharmaceutical research and development due to its distinctive action in the manipulation and
investigation of the renin-angiotensin system. This peptide hormone analog not only helps in unraveling
complex physiological pathways but also aids researchers in understanding the nuances of blood pressure
regulation and cardiovascular homeostasis, which are pivotal in the quest to develop new therapeutic
agents. As an investigative tool, Angiotensin Acetate allows scientists to model the physiological
responses of the cardiovascular system to angiotensin, covering both molecular and systemic effects. It
provides a vital comparative baseline that can be used to assess the efficacy and potential mechanisms
of new antihypertensive drugs. Furthermore, its applicability extends into the realm of personalized
medicine, where it can help identify how different populations or individuals might respond to specific
cardiovascular interventions, potentially influencing genotype-specific drug development. In drug
discovery, Angiotensin Acetate can serve as a crucial reference compound for screening new drug
candidates, offering a proven model of showing desired increases in blood pressure or identifying any
adverse vasoconstrictive effects early in the development phase. Its usage can lend support to
preclinical evaluations, helping define safety and efficacy parameters for therapeutic agents targeting
similar physiological systems. This utilization is incredibly important in paving pathways for novel
treatment protocols that could mitigate hypertension-related complications more effectively or identify
side effects not noted in traditional testing scenarios. With the escalating focus on targeted therapies
and precision medicine, Angiotensin Acetate's contribution in predictive pharmacology — assessing
potential responses before clinical trials — is invaluable in reducing trial and error in drug
manufacturing. Therefore, its inclusion in the research and development landscape significantly
optimizes resource utilization, enhances understanding of cardiovascular pharmacodynamics, and
accelerates the advent of next-generation renal and cardiovascular pharmaceuticals.
Can
Angiotensin Acetate be used in conjunction with other pharmacological treatments?
Using Angiotensin
Acetate in conjunction with other pharmacological treatments must be carefully considered due to its
potent action in elevating blood pressure and modifying vascular tone. It is often used in a controlled
clinical environment, primarily as a diagnostic tool or to manage acute hypotension. Therefore,
understanding its interaction with other medications is crucial for ensuring patient safety and
achieving desired therapeutic outcomes. In emergency treatments, Angiotensin Acetate may be administered
alongside intravenous fluids or other vasopressors to stabilize patients experiencing severe hypotension
or shock. However, since many commonly used medications for chronic hypertension — such as
beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or diuretics — have opposing effects that either reduce blood pressure or
influence the same pathway, simultaneous use requires careful management to avoid negating therapeutic
effects or causing adverse reactions. Additionally, potential pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic
interactions must be evaluated, especially in polypharmacy settings where patients may be taking
multiple drugs. For example, medications impacting liver enzymes that metabolize drugs could potentially
alter the effectiveness or duration of Angiotensin Acetate's action, necessitating dose adjustments. In
research environments, Angiotensin Acetate can be utilized in studies to observe how other
pharmaceutical agents impact the renin-angiotensin system, providing insights into combination
therapies' efficacy. Despite potential caveats, the purposeful integration of Angiotensin Acetate with
complementary pharmacological treatments might offer improved therapeutic strategies for managing
complex cardiovascular interventions, provided that detailed attention is given to patient-specific
factors, including genetic predispositions, underlying health conditions, and concurrent treatments. In
clinical practice, decisions regarding combining Angiotensin Acetate with other treatments should be
made after thorough patient evaluation and involve multi-disciplinary coordination, leveraging expertise
in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, pharmacology, and attentive monitoring to preclude any adverse
events. Comprehensive assessment and consultation pave the way for the safe and effective use of
Angiotensin Acetate alongside concurrent pharmacological therapies.